Together, our results show that human pre-SMA neurons carry abstract signals during visual search that indicate whether a goal was reached in an action- and cue-independent manner. Second, ∼50% of neurons changed their response as a function of fixation order. button press or not), and to different ways of defining the search target (by instruction or pop-out). Responses were invariant to motor output (i.e. These neurons responded to targets in an abstract manner across several conditions and tasks. First, 40% of neurons changed their firing rate whenever a fixation landed on the search target. We characterized two groups of neurons in the pre-SMA. We simultaneously recorded single neurons in the human pre-SMA and eye movements while subjects performed goal-directed visual search tasks. Pre-SMA dysfunction is thought to be a critical factor in the cognitive deficits that are observed in diseases such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia, making it important to develop a better mechanistic understanding of the pre-SMA's role in cognition. The pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) plays a critical role in linking higher-level goals to actions, but little is known about the responses of individual cells in this area in humans. The medial frontal cortex is important for goal-directed behaviours such as visual search.
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